Among the S&P 500, payouts tied to ESG metrics average 123% of target. Compare that to 113% for financial metrics and it’s clear why investors might pay attention.
The message from shareholders is clear: “Low quality metrics, such as non-measurable KPIs or opaque scorecards, are worse than none,” according to a new WTW study.
So, what do investors want when it comes to ESG and executive pay?
Key insight #1. Tailor-Made Metrics
Materiality. Most investors take a principles-based approach to their pay guidance and expect the boards to identify for themselves which metrics are most meaningful to their business selecting only those that are material to long term value creation.
Non-financial metrics should complement the financial ones – providing a balanced performance outlook.
Key insight #2. Avoid Common Pitfalls that Sink Pay Plans
Even well-meaning incentives can miss the mark. Here are the red flags that turn investor optimism into skepticism.
Vague Alignment: If it’s unclear how a metric supports the company’s strategy, competitive edge, or risk profile, it probably shouldn’t be there.
Box-Checking Metrics: Compliance is necessary, but it’s not a strategy. Metrics should go beyond "staying out of trouble."
Scorecard Soup: Too many KPIs, undefined weights, and subjective evaluations create more confusion than clarity. And, it’s not always appropriate to rely on broad ESG indices for measurement. As one investor put it bluntly, it’s like “outsourcing the measurement.”
Overcompensation Risks: When ESG goals consistently pay out above target, investors start to wonder if the bar is too low—or if these metrics are being used to mask underwhelming financials.
Key insight #3: Say on Pay isn’t an ESG Referendum
Investors tend to take a holistic approach to Say on Pay voting by examining the total compensation package and overall alignment with performance versus making a statement around the company’s ESG progress.
Bottom line: Purpose, Not Padding. Investors do not want to meddle in debates over company goals. Performance-linked pay is still the name of the game. ESG metrics are welcome at the table—but only if they pull their weight.

Megan Wolf
Director, Practice, HR Policy Association and Center On Executive Compensation